Scoliosis is one of the intrinsic problems among many complicated spine deformities which surgeons might encounter during surgeries. Rotation of the vertebrae body, disappearing or deformity of vertebral pedicle and abnormality of segments are the symptoms of scoliosis, which distort the anatomical marks of pedicle screw insertions and hence increase operation difficulty.
Implants have become an essential part of orthopedics. However, it makes the body vulnerable to infections when “foreign” is implanted into body. And it is also harder to treat infections because the surface of the implants facilitates the formation of microbial biofilm. Use of antibiotics may lead to building-up of microbial resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, there have been an increasing number of research in non-antibiotic antibiofilm, in order to help destruct the biofilm formed on the surface of implants and eliminated infections: